>>> HELLO, EVERYONE, AND WELCOME TO AMANPOUR AND CO.

HERE IS WHAT IS COMING UP.

>>> VERY SCARY JUST WALKING DOWN THE STREET AND FEELING LIKE I'M GOING TO HAVE AN ACCIDENT HAPPEN.

>> SWABS OF NORTH AMERICA CHOKE ON FOG.

WHAT THE WILDFIRE HAZE HAS ABOUT WILDFIRE.

>>> THEN, JUST AS FOR GEORGE FLOYD.

MINNESOTA'S ATTORNEY GENERAL, KEITH ELLISON, WITH A NEW BOOK ON THE FIGHT OF HIS LIFE, ENDING POLICE VIOLENCE.

>>> ALTHOUGH AFRICAN-AMERICAN INCOMES ARE 60% OF WHITE INCOMES AFRICAN-AMERICAN WEALTH IS ABOUT 50% OF WHITE WEALTH.

>> HOW AMERICANS CAN BREAK FREE FROM THE SHACKLES OF SEGREGATION.

>> AMANPOUR AND COMPANY IS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE ANDERSON FAMILY FUND.

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WE TRY TO LIVE IN THE MOMENT, TO NOT MISS WHAT IS RIGHT IN FRONT OF US.

AT MUTUAL OF AMERICA, WE BELIEVE TAKEN CARE OF TOMORROW CAN HELP YOU MAKE THE MOST OF TODAY.

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>>> WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM, EVERYONE.

I AM CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR IN LONDON.

IT IS A BUSY DAY IN WASHINGTON WHERE PRESIDENT BIDEN IS HOSTING BRITAIN'S PRIME MINISTER SUNAK.

HE SAYS THE UK IS AMERICA'S GREATEST ALLY DESPITE THE BREXIT CHILL AND NO NEW TRADE DEAL.

MANAGING A I AND THE UKRAINE WAR WILL ALSO BE FRONT AND CENTER.

PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY IS PLEADING WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY NOW FOR A SWIFT HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE TO CATASTROPHIC FLOODING AFTER BREACHES IN A NEAR KHERSON.

UKRAINE IS BRACING FOR A MASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL CATASTROPHE THERE, TOO.

MEANTIME, THE UNITED STATES IS IN THE MIDST OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS AS HEAVY SMOG CONTINUES TO SPREAD FROM WILDFIRES RAGING IN CANADA.

WITH CLIMATE A HUGE GLOBAL ISSUE, IN A MINUTE I WILL SPEAK WITH A CLOSE CONFIDENT OF THE BRITISH PRIME MINISTER ON THIS ISSUE.

FIRST, OUR CORRESPONDENT REPORTS ON THE APOCALYPTIC SCENE AND THE HEALTH RISK FACING THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.

>>> VERY SCARY WALKING DOWN THE STREET AND FEELING LIKE I'M GOING TO HAVE AN ASTHMA ATTACK.

>> I'VE NOTICED A LITTLE BIT OF A DIFFERENCE WITH BEING ABLE TO BREATHE RIGHT.

>> Reporter: EVEN AS FAR SOUTH AS RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, UNHEALTHY AIR BLANKETING A LARGE SWATHE OF THE UNITED STATES.

OVER 400 ACTIVE WILDFIRES ARE BURNING IN CANADA AS OF WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON.

MORE THAN HALF OF THEM ARE DETERMINED TO BE OUT OF CONTROL.

ACCORDING TO THE CANADIAN INTERAGENCY FOREST FIRE CENTER.

>> LAST YEAR AND THIS YEAR ARE THE WORST WILDFIRE SEASONS WE HAVE EVER HAD ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

>> Reporter: WILDFIRES GOT OFF TO AN INTENSE START IN MAY AND IT IS UNUSUAL TO SEE SO MUCH DESTRUCTION THIS EARLY.

IT PICKED UP AGGRESSIVELY THIS MONTH, LARGELY IN QUEBEC.

OR THE 9 MILLION ACRES HAVE BURNED IN CANADA SO FAR THIS YEAR.

15 TIMES THE NORMAL AMOUNT.

SMOKE FROM THOSE FIRES TRAVELING HUNDREDS OF MILES AFFECTING CITIES ALL ACROSS NEW YORK STATE.

>> THIS IS THE BEST --WORST AIR QUALITY THAT WE'VE EXPERIENCED OVER FIVE YEARS.

>> Reporter: MASKS ARE BEING MADE TO THE PUBLIC DUE TO ONGOING POOR AIR QUALITY THAT CAN BE HARMFUL FOR EVERYONE.

EVEN HAZARDOUS, FOR SOME.

>> I KNOW TIMES LIKE THIS CAN BE SCARY AND HAZARDOUS WHEN YOU STEP OUTSIDE AND SMELL AND BREATHE THIS AIR.

>> NEW YORKERS ARE BEING URGED TO STAY INDOORS AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

AS PARTICLES OF WILD FIRE SMOKE CAN PENETRATE THE LUNGS AND THE BLOODSTREAM.

>> THE BEST PROTECTION IS TO AVOID BEING OUTSIDE UNTIL THE AIR CLEARS.

>> Reporter: OFFICIALS ARE WARNING THAT SMOKE WILL CONTINUE TO IMPACT THE EAST COAST UNTIL AT LEAST THE WEEKEND.

>> I WANT TO BE CLEAR WHILE THERE MAY BE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVED CONDITIONS BY FRIDAY MORNING, SMOKE PREDICTABILITY THAT FAR OUT IS LOW.

>>> IN A RARE EXAMPLE OF BIPARTISAN POLICY ALONG WITH REPUBLICAN KEVIN KRAMER, SENATOR CHRIS RECENTLY INTRODUCED A BILL THAT WILL LAY THE GRAHAM BILL FOR CARBON [INDISCERNIBLE].

CAN I JUST ASK YOU NOW THAT WE KNOW THE AIR IS MOVING TOWARD WASHINGTON AND EPA ALERTS ARE AT THEIR HIGHEST, WHAT IS IT LIKE WHERE YOU ARE?

IS IT DIFFICULT TO BREATHE?

>> WELL, I WENT FOR A WALK HERE OUTSIDE THIS MORNING IN WASHINGTON.

YOU CAN SMELL THE SMOKE IN THE AIR.

IT IS HAZY.

IN MY HOME STATE OF DELAWARE, IT IS EVEN WORST AND FOR MY YOUNGEST IS A RECENT COLLEGE GRADUATE IN NEW YORK CITY, IT IS A COMPLETE BLANKET OF HAZE.

MY FAMILY WAS SENDING IMAGES BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN THE FIVE OF US IN THE LAST DAY OR TWO.

THIS IS A REAL PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGE AND REMINDER THAT CLIMATE CHANGE HAS DRAMATIC CONSEQUENCES.

THE VAST WILDFIRES OUT OF CONTROL IN CANADA ARE IMPACTING THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES AND FOR FOLKS WHO ARE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE DUE TO ASTHMA OR OTHER BREATHING DIFFICULTIES THIS IS A CRITICAL ISSUE.

>> DO YOU THINK SOMETHING LIKE THIS, THE CLEAR AND PRESENT PUBLIC HEALTH DANGER, IS ACTUALLY SOMETHING TANGIBLE THAT CAN BRING ON BOARD CLIMATE SKEPTICS, DENIERS, RELUCTANCE, WHATEVER WE WANT TO CALL THEM?

>> I HOPE SO.

AS YOU MAY KNOW, CHRISTIANE, I COFOUNDED THE CLIMATE SOLUTIONS CAUCUS HERE SEVERAL YEARS AGO.

IT IS A BIPARTISAN GROUP OF 14 SENATORS.

SEVEN REPUBLICANS, SEVEN DEMOCRATS, WHEREAS A GROUP, WE AGREE THAT THE CLIMATE IS CHANGING BECAUSE OF HUMAN ACTIVITY AND WE HAVE TO COME TOGETHER TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT.

THE BILL YOU REFERENCED THAT SENATOR KRAMER AND I JUST INTRODUCED HAS BIPARTISAN GROUP OF COSPONSORS AND IT WOULD DIRECT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO BEGIN A MISSION STANDARD TESTING SO WE HAVE DATA OF EMISSION INTENSITY OF U.S.

MANUFACTURED HEAVY INDUSTRY PRODUCTS LIKE STEEL AND ALUMINUM, GLASS AND CONCRETE, AND TO GATHER THAT DATA FROM OUR PARTNERS AND ALLIES LIKE THE UK, THE EU, AND CANADA AND OUR COMPETITORS LIKE RUSSIA, CHINA, INDIA.

THAT IS LAYING THE TECHNICAL GROUNDWORK FOR A FOUNDATION FOR A CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM.

THE EU IS ALREADY ON ITS WELL ON ITS WAY TO HAVING A MECHANISM IN PLACE THAT WILL IMPOSE TARIFFS ON IMPORTED GOODS INTO THE EU, INCLUDING POTENTIALLY FROM THE UNITED STATES AND I HAVE HAD SEVERAL IMPORTANT CONVERSATIONS WITH NATIONAL LEADERS, CLIMATE ADVOCATES, LEGISLATORS FROM THE EU, UK, CANADA AND OTHER COUNTRIES ABOUT HOW WE COULD PULL TOGETHER AND HAVE A COMMON CARBON CLUB OF SHARED EMISSIONS REDUCTION AMBITION.

WE COULD USE TRADE AND TARIFFS AS A WAY TO BRING INTO COMPLIANCE, OUR CLOSEST PARTNERS AND ALLIES AND TO IMPOSE COSTS ON THE HEAVY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS OF COUNTRIES LIKE RUSSIA AND CHINA THAT DO NOT REDUCE EMISSIONS.

>> I UNDERSTAND YOU COULD GET SOME GOOD BIPARTISAN SUPPORT FOR THIS BECAUSE IT IS OUTSIDE THE BORDERS OF THE UNITED STATES, BUT IN THE UNITED STATES, THERE ARE STILL SO MANY WHO ARE RELUCTANT ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE AISLE TO TALK ABOUT A CARBON TAX OR ANY OF THESE BIG MITIGATING POSSIBILITIES.

HOW DO YOU EXPECT TO BRING YOUR OWN COUNTRY FULLY ON BOARD?

>> FIRST, WE HAVE JUST MADE THE BIGGEST MOVE FORWARD IN TERMS OF CLIMATE AMBITION IN NOT JUST AMERICAN HISTORY, BUT WORLD HISTORY WHEN PRESIDENT BIDEN SIGNED INTO LAW, THE INFLATION REDUCTION ACT, WHICH HAS $369 BILLION OF INCENTIVES TO TRANSITION TOWARD A CLEANER ENERGY ECONOMY HERE IN THE UNITED STATES.

THAT IS AN IMPORTANT FIRST STEP TO SHOW THE WORLD THAT WE ARE SERIOUS.

TO YOUR POINT, CHRISTIANE, I AM NOT TRYING TO IMPOSE A CARBON TAX.

WE ARE TRYING TO MEASURE THE EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS THAT HAVE ALREADY HAPPENED IN THE UNITED STATES BECAUSE OF OUR REGULATION AND THEN ADVANTAGE CLEANER OR LOWER EMISSION HEAVY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.

FOR EXAMPLE, AMERICAN-MADE STEEL AND ALUMINUM SHOULD NOT FACE TARIFFS WHEREAS PERHAPS STEEL AND ALUMINUM COMING FROM RUSSIA AND CHINA, THAT ARE INTENSIVE IN THEIR MISSIONS, WOULD, AND IMPORTS FROM THE EU OR CANADA OR THE UK WOULD NOT BECAUSE THEY HAVE REGULATORY SCHEMES BECAUSE OF THEIR CARBON TAXES AND BECAUSE OF REGULATIONS THAT ARE COMPARABLE TO OURS.

I KNOW IT IS A LITTLE COMPLICATED, BUT I THINK THERE IS A WAY FOR US TO HARMONIZE OUR APPROACHES TO CLIMATE AMBITION ACROSS THESE OPEN- MARKET DEMOCRACIES THAT ARE ALSO CLOSE PARTNERS AND ALLIES.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT CHINA BECAUSE IT IS CLEARLY A VERY BIG PLAYER AND MOST OF THE CHINA EXPERTS INCLUDING THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION CLIMATE CZAR, JOHN KERRY, BASICALLY STATE THAT WITHOUT CHINA'S COOPERATION, NONE OF THIS WILL COME TO PASS.

THERE ARE DISTINCTLY FROSTY RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA RIGHT NOW.

I MEAN, WORSE THAN FROSTY.

DO YOU SEE ANYTHING THAT COULD BEAR ANY FRUIT?

>> I AM ALWAYS AN OPTIMIST THIS IS A RIP AND APPROACH THAT DOES NOT REQUIRE WARMER RELATIONS BETWEEN THE U.S. AND CHINA.

THAT IS PART OF THE BEAUTY OF AN APPROACH THAT SAYS IF YOU WANT TO ACCESS THE AMERICAN MARKET, YOU HAVE TO PROVE YOU HAVE LOW EMISSIONS HEAVY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.

THE THING THAT IS MOST LIKELY TO BEND THE CURVE OF EMISSIONS IN CHINA AND INDIA IS MARKET FORCES THROUGH TRADE SO AGAIN, LET'S IMAGINE FOR A MOMENT IF THE EU, UK, U.S., CANADA, SOUTH KOREA, AUSTRALIA ALL ALIGNED AROUND THE LOWER EMISSION APPROACHES TO HOW WE MANUFACTURE STEEL AND ALUMINUM, GLASS AND CEMENT --HEAVY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, AND TO --AND RUSSIA, THAT THEY ARE REDUCING THEIR INDUSTRIAL OMISSIONS.

THAT WILL DRIVE THEM TO CHANGE THEIR EMISSIONS PROFILE, TO SLOW DOWN THE RATE AT WHICH THEY ARE CURRENTLY BUILDING A RECORD NUMBER OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS.

THAT IS THE THING THAT IS GOING TO DRIVE GLOBAL REDUCTIONS AND OMISSIONS MORE THAN ANY AGREEMENT BECAUSE I FRANKLY THINK POWER RELATIONS MAY CONTINUE TO BE STRAINED OR EVEN, AS YOU PUT IT, FROSTY FOR YEARS TO COME.

THE FREE MARKET USING TRADE MIGHT WELL WORK.

AGREEMENTS SO FAR HAVE NOT.

>> OKAY, BUT THEN THERE ARE STILL TRADE PROBLEMS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA.

PRESIDENT BIDEN HAS NOT LIFTED SOME OF THE MECHANISMS AND TARIFFS OF THAT FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP IMPOSED AND THERE SEEMS TO BE A REAL SENSE THAT THIS CHINA ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT XI IS VERY HARD- LINE NEGOTIATING WITH UNITED STATES.

DO YOU BELIEVE THAT THE U.S. IS HAVING ANY SUCCESS WITH ITS ATTEMPTS TO REACH OUT OR NOT, WHETHER CHINA WILL ACCEPT IT?

AS WE SPEAK, THERE HAVE BEEN NEAR MISSES BOTH INVOLVING CHINESE AND AMERICAN NAVAL AND AIR ASSETS.

>> THAT'S RIGHT.

WE ARE IN A VERY DEAF JURISTS DANGEROUS PERIOD WITH U.S. /CHINA RELATIONS.

THERE HAVE BEEN A NUMBER OF NEAR MISSES AND WE ARE TRYING TO REOPEN THE LINES OF DIALOGUE SIMPLY TO DEAL WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR ESCALATION IN THE EVENT THERE WERE MIDAIR COLLISIONS CAUSED BY RECKLESS CONDUCT BY A CHINESE PILOT, FOR EXAMPLE.

THOSE SECTION 232 TARIFFS, THE TARIFFS IMPOSED BY FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP THAT ARE STILL IN PLACE ON CHINESE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS ARE ALSO STILL IN PLACE ON SOME IMPORTS FROM OUR CLOSE PARTNERS AND ALLIES AND THE U.S. TRADE REPRESENTATIVE IS NEGOTIATING WITH THE EU, WITH THE UK, WITH OTHER PARTNERS ON POTENTIALLY REDUCING OR ELIMINATING THOSE TARIFFS AND MOVING FORWARD WITH SOMETHING LIKE AN AGREEMENT ON SUSTAINABLE STEEL AND ALUMINUM.

THIS BILL THAT I JUST INTRODUCED WITH MY REPUBLICAN PARTNER, SENATOR KRAMER, WOULD ADVANTAGE THE MANUFACTURING OF U.S.-BASED LOWER EMISSION HEAVY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, AND POTENTIALLY IF WE WORK THIS OUT, REDUCED TARIFFS ON THINGS COMING INTO THIS COUNTRY FROM OUR PARTNERS AND ALLIES IN UK, CANADA, EU, BUT RETAIN HIGH TARIFFS ON HIGH OMISSIONS IMPORTS FROM COUNTRIES LIKE CHINA OR RUSSIA.

THAT IS ACTUALLY SIMILAR TO THE TRADE APPROACH OF FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP BUT JUSTIFIED ON DIFFERENT GROUNDS IN A WAY THAT REINFORCES OUR SHARED CLIMATE AMBITION AND/OR ALLIANCES WITH THE COUNTRIES I HAVE JUST BEEN MENTIONING THAT ARE OPEN MARKETS AND OPEN SOCIETY.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT ONE OF THE COUNTRIES, RUSSIA.

WHAT WE HAVE SEEN HIS CONTINUED SHELLING IN THE KHERSON AREA AS UKRAINIANS ARE TRYING TO RESCUE PEOPLE WHO ARE DOWNSTREAM OF THIS LEAKING DOWN AND THE FLOODWATERS ARE TERRIBLE, PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY HAS APPEALED FOR REAL HELP.

LET US JUST PLAY THE APPEAL HE MADE TODAY.

>> THE SITUATION IN THE OCCUPIED PART OF THE KHERSON REGION IS ABSOLUTELY CATASTROPHIC.

THE OCCUPIERS HAVE SIMPLY ABANDONED THE PEOPLE IN THESE DREADFUL CONDITIONS WITHOUT RESCUE, WITHOUT WATER, THEY ARE LEFT ON THE ROOFTOPS AND FLOODED COMMUNITIES.

>> HE IS BASICALLY SAYING THE OCCUPYING RUSSIANS WHO HAVE TAKEN OVER SINCE THE WAR ARE NOT DOING ANYTHING ABOUT THE CATASTROPHE THERE.

CAN I ASK YOU WHAT THE UNITED STATES BELIEVES TO BE THE CAUSE OF THE BREACH IN THIS FIRST AND FOREMOST?

>> I CANNOT SPEAK ABOUT THE U.S. GOVERNMENT AND THEIR SS MEANT OF THE DAM.

I WILL TELL YOU MY OPINION IT SEEMS MORE LIKELY THAN NOT THAT THIS WAS RUSSIAN ACTION.

IT'S GOING TO SLOW THE ADVANCEMENT OF TROOPS TRYING TO CROSS THE DNIEPER RIVER.

LONG- TERM CONSEQUENCES.

IT WILL INCREASE HUNGER IN UKRAINE.

THIS IS SOME OF THE MOST FERTILE AND PRODUCTIVE LAND IN UKRAINE THAT IS NOW FLOODED AND WILL NOT BE PRODUCTIVE FOR SEVERAL SEASONS.

IF WE LOOK AT HISTORY IN THE SOVIET ERA, HUNGER WAS USED AS A WEAPON IN A HORRIBLE WAY IN THE UKRAINE IN 1930.

THIS BRINGS BACK SOME TERRIBLE MEMORIES OF ACTION BY THE SOVIET STATE THAT LED TO THE SUFFERING AND DEATH OF MILLIONS OF UKRAINIANS.

I AM VERY SAD TO SAY IT IS MY VIEW THAT HISTORY IS REPEATING ITSELF, THAT THE ONGOING WAR CRIMES BEING COMMITTED BY THE RUSSIANS IN UKRAINE ARE MOST LIKELY BEING REPEATED HERE IN THIS BREACH OF A DAM THAT IS TRAGICALLY GOING TO LEAD TO LOTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCE.

>> I MEAN, IT IS HORRIBLE TO HEAR YOU EVOKE THAT TERRIBLE TIME IN HISTORY, SO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE UKRAINIANS' ABILITY TO CAPITALIZE WITH A COUNTER OFFENSIVE?

LOCAL REPORTS, PRESS REPORTS ARE SAYING THE COUNTEROFFENSIVE HAS STARTED.

WHAT IS RIDING ON THIS?

>> I AM OPTIMISTIC ABOUT THE UKRAINIAN COUNTEROFFENSIVE, IN PART, BECAUSE OF HOW MUCH PROGRESS THEY MADE AND HOW MUCH TERRITORY THEY RETOOK IN THE PREVIOUS COUNTEROFFENSIVE LAST YEAR.

THEY HAVE BEEN PROVIDED WITH TRAINING, EQUIPMENT, SUPPORT, BUT THEY POSSESS SOMETHING NO OUTSIDE ALLY OR SUPPORTER CAN PROVIDE, WHICH IS THE WILL TO WIN, THE WILL TO FIGHT, THE WILL TO RETAKE THEIR NATION AND RESTORE THEIR SOVEREIGNTY AND CONTROL OVER THE TOWNS AND PEOPLE THAT THE RUSSIANS HAVE SO BRUTALLY OCCUPIED AND OPPRESSED SINCE THERE INVASION.

THEIR EXPANDED INVASION OF EASTERN AND SOUTHERN UKRAINE OPTIMISTIC ABOUT IT BECAUSE THEY HAVE THE WEAPONS TO SUPPORT AND THE WILL TO FIGHT.

IF THEY ARE SUCCESSFUL IN THIS COUNTEROFFENSIVE, I THINK THEY WILL CONTINUE TO DESERVE THE ROBUST SUPPORT OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, OF OUR WESTERN PARTNERS AND ALLIES OF THE 40 COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD FOR SUPPORTING UKRAINE AND ITS FIGHT FOR FREEDOM AND TO RESTORE LOST TERRITORIES THAT HAVE BEEN OCCUPIED BY RUSSIA.

>> YOU SAID IF IT IS SUCCESSFUL, WHAT IF IT IS NOT SUCCESSFUL?

WHAT IF IT TAKES A LONGER TIME.

WE ARE FARING A VERY STIFF RUSSIAN RESISTANCE.

DOES THAT MEAN THE OPPOSITE WILL HAPPEN?

>> THERE WILL BE VERY STIFF RESISTANCE AND PART OF THE REASON I AM WEARING THE UKRAINIAN FLAG TODAY AND MANY OF MY COLLEAGUES BOTH THE DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATE THEIR INTENTIONS IN WEARING FLAGS AND THEIR ACTIONS AND VOTES IS BECAUSE WE KNOW THAT PUTIN'S CORE STRATEGY HERE IS TO WAIT THEM OUT AS HE DID IN THE WARS IN CHECHNYA, AS HE HAD IN THE BOMBARD CIVILIANS, CONTINUE TO GRIND AWAY AT UKRAINE'S STRENGTH AND RESISTANCE, AND A PLAN ON THE WEST, ON THE UNITED STATES LOSING INTEREST.

WE CANNOT ALLOW THAT TO HAPPEN.

PUTIN CANNOT BE REWARDED FOR HIS BRUTAL INVASION.

HE HAS ALREADY LOST STRATEGICALLY BECAUSE NATO IS GOING TO EXPAND.

HE HAS ALREADY LOST STRATEGICALLY BECAUSE HIS STANDING IN THE WORLD, RESPECT FOR RUSSIA HAS FALLEN SIGNIFICANTLY, BUT WE HAVE TO SUSTAIN OUR SUPPORT FOR THE BRAVE UKRAINIAN TROOPS WHO ARE WILLING TO FIGHT AND DIE FOR THEIR COUNTRY AND TO RETAIN THE SOVEREIGNTY AND REGAIN TERRITORY THAT RUSSIA HAS DEPRIVED THEM OF.

WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES IF THEY ARE NOT SUCCESSFUL?

IN THE LONG RUN, IF WE CARE ABOUT FREEDOM WE HAVE TO CONTINUE TO SUPPORT UKRAINE'S FIGHT AGAINST THE RUSSIAN AGGRESSOR.

>> THAT IS A LEADING MANTRA OF THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION AND IN PARTICULAR, THEY DRAW THEIR COMPARISON TO REPUBLICANS, PARTICULARLY FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP.

MORE AND MORE REPUBLICANS ARE THROWING THEIR HAT IN THE RING.

MORE AND MORE ALLEGATIONS AND WARNINGS OF INVESTIGATIONS ARE COMING DOWN TOWARD TRUMP.

MIKE PENCE IS OFFICIALLY LAUNCHED AND HE ALSO HELD A TOWN HALL ON CNN.

THIS IS A SCATHING ASSAULT HE LAUNCHED ON HIS FORMER BOSS.

>> WHAT I SAID TODAY WAS THAT ANYONE WHO PUTS THEMSELVES ABOVE THE CONSTITUTION SHOULD NEVER BE PRESIDENT IN THE FIRST PLACE.

AND ANYONE WHO ASKS ANYONE ELSE TO PUT THEM OVER THE CONSTITUTION SHOULD NEVER BE PRESIDENT AGAIN.

I HAD HOPED THAT FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP WOULD COME AROUND ON OUR DIFFERENCE ON THAT TRAGIC DAY AND ABOUT MY ROLE, AND I STILL HOPE HE DOES.

>> IN THE UNLIKELY EVENT THAT HE DOES COME AROUND TO CHANGE HIS OPINION, DO YOU THINK THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, PRESIDENT BIDEN PREFERS TO FACE TRUMP OR ANY OF THE OTHER REPUBLICANS WHO ARE THROWING THEIR HAT IN THE RING RIGHT NOW?

>> LOOK, THAT'S GOING TO BE UP TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE AND TO THE REPUBLICAN PARTY IN THEIR PRIMARIES.

I WOULD PREFER TO BE STANDING BY AND SUPPORTING PRESIDENT BIDEN MORE THAN ANY OF THE TRUMP OR TRUMP LIKE CANDIDATES WHO ARE GETTING IN ON THE OTHER SIDE BECAUSE PRESIDENT BIDEN HAS A REAL AND STRONG RECORD OF ACCOMPLISHMENT.

FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP PROMISED THAT HE WOULD FIX THE INFRASTRUCTURE.

HE DIDN'T.

PRESIDENT BIDEN HAS.

HE PROMISED THAT HE WOULD REDUCE PRESCRIPTION DRUG PRICES.

HE DIDN'T.

PRESIDENT BIDEN HAS.

OUR PRESIDENT HAS SIGNED INTO LAW BIG, BOLD BIPARTISAN BILLS THAT ARE MAKING PROGRESS IN ADDRESSING THE ISSUES THE AMERICAN PEOPLE CARE ABOUT FROM COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH TO BACKGROUND CHECKS ON GUNS TO REBUILDING OUR INFRASTRUCTURE TO STANDING UP TO CHINA TO BRING IN ADVANCED MANUFACTURING BACK TO THE UNITED STATES.

WITH THAT STRONG OF A RECORD, I WOULD SAY ANY OF THIS FIELD OF A DOZEN REPUBLICANS --THAT IS WHY I AM STRONGLY SUPPORTING MY FELLOW DELAWARE IAN, JOE BIDEN, FOR RE-ELECTION IN 2024.

>> AND WE WOULD EXPECT NOTHING LESS FROM YOU, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR JOINING US.

>>> WE TURN NOW TO ANOTHER ISSUE THAT HAS PLAGUED AMERICA AND THAT IS POLICE BRUTALITY.

MY NEXT GUEST HAS MADE ENDING THAT VIOLENCE A KEY MISSION.

KEITH IS THE ATTORNEY GENERAL RESPONSIBLE FOR PROSECUTING OFFICERS WHO KILLED JORDAN FLOYD A FEW YEARS AGO.

IN HIS NEW BOOK, BREAKING THE WILL, ENDING THE CYCLE OF POLICE VIOLENCE, HE IS JOINING ME NOW FROM MINNEAPOLIS.

>> THANK YOU, CHRISTIANE.

ALWAYS A PLEASURE.

>> I WANT TO TAKE YOU BACK TO WELL, THREE YEARS AGO.

WE SPOKE IN THE MONTH OR WEEKS AFTER GEORGE FLOYD WAS MURDERED, AND I SAY MURDERED BECAUSE A COURT CONVICTED THE POLICE OFFICER, AND YOU SUPERVISED THAT PROSECUTION AND THAT TRIAL.

TAKE ME BACK TO WHAT IT WAS LIKE HOUSE YOU SAT THERE ON THE EDGE OF YOUR JUDICIAL SEAT HOPING THAT JUSTICE WOULD IN FACT PREVAIL.

>> WHEN WE GOT A CALL THAT A VERDICT HAD COME BACK, I WAS SURPRISED AT THAT.

I THOUGHT THERE WAS ALWAYS A POSSIBILITY OF A HUNG JURY BECAUSE IN SO MANY OTHER CASES, THAT WAS WHAT HAD HAPPENED.

AND THEN, WHEN THE JUDGE BEGAN TO READ THE VERDICT, MY PULSE WAS RACING.

I COULD FEEL THE PALPITATIONS IN MY CHEST AND MY HEART BEATING AND THE JUDGE READ GUILTY, GUILTY, GUILTY, AND I FELT RELIEF.

THEN I LOOKED OVER AT DEREK SHELTON AND I REALIZED, HIS LIFE IS GOING TO CHANGE.

HE DID A HORRIBLE ACT.

12 OF HIS PEERS FOUND HE WAS GUILTY BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT BUT I THOUGHT IT WAS SAD THAT SOMEBODY WHO SIGNED UP TO PROTECT AND SERVE NOW HAD BEEN FOUND GUILTY OF DOING THE OPPOSITE AND I HOPE THAT WE WOULD LEARN THE SOCIAL LESSON AND MAKE THE REFORMS WE NEED TO STOP IT FROM HAPPENING AGAIN.

>> BEFORE I GET INTO YOUR RECOLLECTIONS IN THE BOOK, I WANT TO POINT OUT OF COURSE WHAT HOPEFULLY PEOPLE KNOW, THAT DEREK CHAUVIN WAS THE FIRST MINNESOTA POLICE OFFICER TO BE CONVICTED OF MURDERING A BLACK PERSON ON THE JOB.

THE STEAKS WERE INCREDIBLY HIGH AND YOU HAVE WRITTEN ABOUT THE DIFFICULTY OF TRYING TO SEEK THE RIGHT JURY, IF I CAN PUT IT THAT WAY.

WHAT WERE YOU LOOKING FOR AND HOW DID YOU MANAGE TO ACHIEVE?

BECAUSE THE OTHER SIDE WOULD HAVE WANTED TO EXTRACT SOME AND PUT THEIR OWN PEOPLE IN, ET CETERA.

>> YOU KNOW, YOU CALL IT JURY SELECTION BUT WHAT IT REALLY IS IS JURY EXCLUSION.

YOU HAVE A GROUP OF PEOPLE BROUGHT IN ON A RANDOM BASIS AND BOTH SIDES ARE ALLOWED TO MAKE CHALLENGES TO JURORS WHO HAVE A BIAS AND THEN THERE ARE SOME PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES WHERE WE ARE ALLOWED TO JUST REMOVE PEOPLE WITH NO REASON AS LONG AS IT IS NOT A RACIALLY BASED REASON OR SOMEONE PERMISSIBLE BIAS.

AND SO, WE WERE LOOKING FOR AN IMPARTIAL JURY.

WE KNEW THAT EVERYBODY EVERYWHERE HAD SEEN THE VIDEO AND HEARD ABOUT THE CASE.

THERE HAD BEEN MASSIVE PROTESTS AROUND THE WORLD, PROTESTS IN LONDON, EDINBURGH AND CARDIFF, BUT ALSO THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES.

AS YOU KNOW, IT WAS AN INTERNATIONAL EVENT AND WE NEEDED TO FIND SOME PEOPLE WHO, DESPITE SEEING THAT VIDEO, ON ANYTHING EXCEPT WHAT THEY SAW THROUGH THE EVIDENCE CHAIR, AND THAT WAS NOT EASY AND WE KNOW THAT SOME PEOPLE WERE GOING TO COME IN BIASED IN FAVOR OF THE POLICE BECAUSE ALL OF US ARE RAISED, AS WE SHOULD BE, TO TRUST THE POLICE AND BELIEVE IN THE POLICE, BUT THEN OTHERS WOULD BE VERY ANGRY AGAINST THE POLICE AND MAYBE NOT WANT TO BE FAIR TO THEM.

WE WERE LOOKING FOR IMPARTIAL JURORS AND WE FOUND 12 AND I WAS GLAD WE WERE ABLE TO DO SO, BUT IT WAS BY NO MEANS OBVIOUS IN THE BEGINNING, THAT WE WERE GOING TO BE ABLE TO DO THAT.

>> INDEED, AND WHEN WE SPOKE, IT WAS OBVIOUSLY BEFORE ALL OF THIS.

IT WAS JUST WEEKS AFTER THE KILLING AND AT THE TIME IT WAS A VERY EMOTIONAL TIME FOR EVERYBODY, AND YOU BASICALLY SAID THEN, YOU SAW THIS MURDER, IN FACT, AS A MOMENT OF OPPORTUNITY FOR POLICE REFORM.

HE SAID EXACTLY, I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT FOR US TO USE THIS MOMENT IS A MOMENT OF REAL CHANGE.

BUT, THREE YEARS AND ONE CONVICTION LATER, THERE IS STILL NO MAJOR NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND ONLY A VERY SMALL PERCENTAGE OF POLICE KILLINGS RESULT IN OFFICERS BEING CHARGED WITH A CRIME.

HAS AMERICA MISSED THIS MOMENT?

>> YOU KNOW WHAT?

I THINK THE MOMENT IS STILL GOING ON AND IT IS A LITTLE TOO EARLY TO SAY WE MISSED THE MOMENT.

AND ALSO, WE DID NOT GET ONE CONVICTION, WE GOT FOUR.

WE CONVICTED ALL FOUR OFFICERS IN STATE COURT AND FEDERAL, AND SINCE THIS TRAGIC INCIDENT, I HAVE HAD TO PROSECUTE OTHER CASES INVOLVING OFFICER INVOLVED DEATHS, SO WE HAVE BEEN DOING OUR WORK BEYOND THIS CASE, BUT I WILL TELL YOU, YOU HAVE A POINT.

WE HAVE NOT MADE ENOUGH PROGRESS.

THE GEORGE FLOYD JUSTICE AND POLICING ACT HAS NOT PASSED, BUT MINNESOTA PASSED A LAW ON POLICE OFFICER STANDARDS AND TRAINING LICENSING.

NOW, IF YOU ARE A POLICE OFFICER WHO DOES CERTAIN BAD ACTS, YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE CONVICTED OF A CRIME TO LOSE YOUR LICENSE TO PRACTICE POLICING.

THAT IS A CHANGE.

WE ALSO BARRED A LOT OF CHOKEHOLD THAT USED TO BE LAWFUL AND NO KNOCK WARRANTS, AND WE HAVE MADE A NUMBER OF OTHER CHANGES.

WE HAVE GOTTEN SOME NEW PERSONNEL.

WE CHANGED OUR POLICE DEPARTMENT FROM ONLY POLICE DOING PUBLIC SAFETY TO THE ENTIRE PUBLIC SAFETY DIVISION, WHICH INCLUDES POLICE, FIRE, 911 AND ALSO CIVILIAN VIOLENCE INTERRUPTERS AND PURE VIOLENCE REDUCES, SO WE HAVE DONE A LOT OF THINGS, BUT YOU ARE RIGHT.

THERE ARE STILL TOO MANY PROBLEMS.

YOU HAVE TYREE NICHOLS IN MEMPHIS AND WHAT A TRAGIC INCIDENT THAT WAS.

THERE ARE MANY OTHERS.

WE ARE NOT CLOSE TO FINISHING THIS JOURNEY BUT I AM NOT READY TO SAY THAT WE MISSED THE MOMENT.

IN FACT, EVERY MOMENT PRESENTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO DO THE RIGHT THING.

MARTIN LUTHER KING FAMOUSLY SAID THE TIME IS ALWAYS RIGHT TO DO WHAT IS RIGHT, AND THAT MOMENT IS GOING ON RIGHT NOW, SO I AM STILL OPTIMISTIC.

>> YOU MUST HAVE WRITTEN THIS BOOK --DESCRIBE FOR ME HOW YOU MANAGED TO WRITE THE BOOK AND WHAT TOOLS YOU USED.

I HEARD YOU'RE GIVEN ALL THESE NOTEPADS AND ALL THE REST, BUT YOU MENTIONED TYREE NICHOLS, SO A 29-YEAR-OLD BLACK MAN KILLED BY POLICE, BUT IT WAS FIVE BLACK POLICE OFFICERS WHO WERE CHARGED WITH HIS MURDER.

I DON'T KNOW HOW YOUR QUITE THAT.

HOW DO YOU SEE THAT IN YOUR HEAD AND CAN PEOPLE THEN ARGUE THAT BASED ON THAT CASE, THAT DIVERSIFYING A POLICE DEPARTMENT ACTUALLY WILL NOT LEAD TO REFORM OR MIGHT NOT LEAD TO REFORM.

LET'S SAY THE MINNESOTA POLICE DEPARTMENT HAD ALL SO ALREADY GONE THROUGH REFORM, SO TO SPEAK, BEFORE GEORGE FLOYD'S MURDER.

>> SURE.

LET ME SAY, YOU KNOW, DIVERSITY AND POLICE DEPARTMENT IS IMPORTANT.

WE NEED MORE FEMALE OFFICERS.

WE NEED MORE OFFICERS OF COLOR BUT THAT ALONE WILL NOT CHANGE ANYTHING.

WHY?

BECAUSE THE PREVAILING CULTURE THAT EXISTS BEFORE ANY OF THOSE OFFICERS GET THERE, THOSE NEW OFFICERS OF COLOR AND FEMALE OFFICERS HAVE TO FIT INTO THE CULTURE OR THAT CULTURE WILL SPIT THEM OUT, SO WHAT YOU SEE IS OFFICERS WHO JUST ACCOMMODATED A CULTURE THAT ALLOWED FOR CHRONIC USE OF EXCESSIVE FORCE, AND SO WE'VE GOT TO DO MORE THAN JUST HAVE DIVERSITY, THOUGH WE DO STRIVE FOR DIVERSITY.

YOU KNOW, WHAT WE HAVE GOT TO START WITH IS PROSECUTING ANY CRIME, NO MATTER WHETHER THE PERSON HAS A BADGE OR NOT, AND WE'VE GOT TO USE ADMINISTRATIVE TOOLS TO ACT QUICKER.

NEVER FORGET, DEREK CHAUVIN HAD 18 PRIOR EXCESSIVE FORCE COMPLAINTS.

GETTING FOUR OR FIVE OF THEM, DRAWING PEOPLE IN, AND GAUGING THAT OFFICER.

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?

WHY ARE YOU GETTING SO ANGRY?

DO YOU NEED RETRAINING?

THAT IS THE KIND OF THING WE HAVE TO DO.

YOU CANNOT JUST BLAME ALL OF THIS ON DEREK CHAUVIN.

YES HE IS GUILTY AND HE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT HE DID, BUT HE IS PART OF A LARGER CULTURE THAT ALLOWS IT TO HAPPEN AND WE'VE GOT TO FACE THAT FACT.

THAT IS ALL OVER OUR COUNTRY, NOT JUST MINNEAPOLIS.

>> WHAT ABOUT FACING STRATEGY?

YOU WERE RE-ELECTED IN 2022 AS ATTORNEY GENERAL.

IT WAS A VERY CLOSE RACE.

HE WON BY LESS THAN 1% AND YOUR OPPONENT MADE CRIME ATOP ISSUE AND HE ACCUSED YOU OF LEADING THE DEFENSE THE POLICE MOVEMENT.

DO YOU THINK, AS OTHERS HAVE SUGGESTED, THAT SLOGAN DID IN FACT HIT THE WRONG NERVE AMONGST MANY PEOPLE IN THE UNITED >> I THINK YOU ARE RIGHT, BUT I WILL TELL YOU THIS.

I KNOW OF NO ONE WHO HAS EVER STOOD FOR OFFICE WHO CALLED FOR DEFUNDING THE POLICE.

THERE WAS A GREAT CANDIDATE IN WISCONSIN NAMED MANDELA BARNES.

HE IS NOT IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AT ALL AND THEY ACCUSED HIM OF THAT.

IT WAS AN UNFORTUNATE SLOGAN USED BY SOME YOUNG ACTIVISTS, VERY UPSET ABOUT THE MURDER OF GEORGE FLOYD, BUT THEN PEOPLE ON THE CONSERVATIVE END OF THE POLITICAL SCALE GRABBED THAT SLOGAN AND TRIED TO USE IT AS A POLITICAL WEAPON AND WIN SOME ELECTIONS, SO THAT GOT EXPLOITED AND DISTORTED.

BUT WHAT I WILL SAY, THOUGH, IS THAT WE DO NEED TO REFUND COMMUNITIES.

WE NEED TO FUND MENTAL HEALTH.

WE NEED TO FUND THINGS LIKE STRONG EDUCATIONAL AFTERSCHOOL PROGRAMMING.

WE NEED TO FUND THINGS LIKE HOUSING SO WE DON'T HAVE SO MANY PEOPLE LIVING ON THE STREET LIKE THAT, AND SO YES, WE NEED TO FUND THE POLICE BUT WE NEED TO FUND OTHER THINGS, TOO AND I THINK THAT IS WHAT THE MAIN POINT OF THE ACTIVISTS WERE TRYING TO MAKE.

>> QUICKLY I WANTED TO ASK YOU, BECAUSE YOUR BOOK IS ABOUT BREAKING THE CYCLE OF VIOLENCE, AND YOU DID, OF COURSE, DO YOUR DUE DILIGENCE AND SIT DOWN FOR MANY INTERVIEWS WITH POLICE AND UNIONS, ET CETERA.

WHAT WAS THEIR RESPONSE TO YOU HAVING PROSECUTED ONE OF THEIR OWN, AND HOW DO THEY THINK THE CYCLE OF VIOLENCE CAN BE BROKEN?

>> MY EXPERIENCE WITH POLICE IS A POSITIVE.

OVERWHELMINGLY, INDIVIDUAL OFFICERS ARE LIKE, THANK YOU FOR DOING THIS.

WE CONDEMN WHAT DEREK CHAUVIN DID, TOO.

WE ARE PROUD TO BE POLICE OFFICERS AND WE BELIEVE HE TARNISHED THE BADGE.

THERE ARE SOME PEOPLE WHO THINK MERELY PROSECUTING A POLICE OFFICER, NO MATTER WHAT HE DID, SOMEHOW UNDERMINES POLICING BUT I AM TRYING TO HELP THEM UNDERSTAND THAT HIGH STANDARDS AND EXCELLENT WORK IS WHAT WILL RESTORE THE DIGNITY OF THE NOBLE PROFESSION OF POLICING.

NOT IMPUNITY AND LOOKING THE OTHER WAY WHEN PEOPLE LIKE DEREK CHAUVIN DO THE WRONG THING.

I THINK OVERWHELMINGLY, MOST OFFICERS WANT TO SEE THE REFORM, THEY UNDERSTAND IT.

CRIMES HAPPEN AND PEOPLE DO NEED POLICE TO HELP PROTECT THEM FROM THAT, SO WE NEED POLICE TO BE RESPECTED, BUT IT'S GOING TO HAVE TO BE BASED ON SOME REFORM AND THEN I THINK WE ARE GOING TO BE IN A MUCH BETTER PLACE, BUT THANKS FOR THAT QUESTION, BECAUSE IT HAS BEEN A POINT OF CONTROVERSY.

>> WHAT I WANT TO QUICKLY ASK YOU, BECAUSE IT IS IMPORTANT, A BLACK CANDIDATE, SENATOR TIM SCOTT, IS RUNNING FOR PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.

WHEN HE ANNOUNCED A FEW DAYS BEFORE THE ANNIVERSARY OF GEORGE FLOYD'S DEATH, HE SAID IN BIDENS AMERICA, CRIME IS ON THE RISE.

LAW ENFORCEMENT IS IN RETREAT.

DEMONIZING, DEMORALIZING, PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE ON THE REPUBLICAN SIDE, AND THERE ARE PLACES WHERE SOME CRIME IS RISING BUT APPARENTLY, ON THE WHOLE, VIOLENT CRIME IS STATIC SINCE 2010.

BUT, WHAT DO YOU MAKE OF A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE SAYING THAT?

A BLACK PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE.

>> IN MINNEAPOLIS, CRIME RATES HAVE DECLINED.

IT IS STILL TOO HIGH.

IF YOU'RE A VICTIM OF A CRIME THAN CRIME IS HIGH, RIGHT?

BUT STATISTICALLY, CRIME HAS GONE DOWN, PARTICULARLY IN SOME OF THE MOST ADVERSELY AFFECTED AREAS.

WE HAVE SEEN SOME DRAMATIC REDUCTIONS, BUT WHAT I THINK IS IT IS JUST TYPICAL EXPLOITING AND DEMAGOGUE IN CRIME IN ORDER TO MAKE PEOPLE AFRAID IN ORDER TO GET THEM TO CLING TO YOU.

I THINK IT IS UNFORTUNATE TIM SCOTT IS DOING THAT, BECAUSE TIM SCOTT, AFTER ALL, WAS ONE OF THE MAIN FOLKS WE WERE COUNTING ON TO HELP PASS THE GEORGE FLOYD JUSTICE IN POLICING ACT.

HE ABANDONED REPRESENTATIVE KAREN SCOTT.

THAT IS HIM AS TO WHY THE BILL NEVER PASSED SO I THINK IT IS A SAD, BAD SIGN AND WILL NOT BODE WELL FOR THE FUTURE IF WE WANT TO BRING THIS CRISIS TO AN END.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH INDEED FOR JOINING US.

NEXT >>> ANOTHER LOOK AT HOW RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IMPACTS AMERICAN SOCIETY.

THIS TIME, AND A HOUSING POLICY.

RICHARD ROTHSTEIN BELIEVES THAT A GENERATION OF UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAWS HAVE SEVERELY RESTRICTED THE WEALTH AND SUCCESS OF AFRICAN- AMERICANS.

IN HIS LATEST BOOK, JUST ACTION, HERE IT EXPLORES HOW LOCAL COMMUNITIES CAN UNDO DECADES OF SEGREGATION.

>> THANKS, CHRISTIANE.

RICHARD AND LEAH ROTHSTEIN, THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

I'M GOING TO START WITH YOU, MR. ROTHSTEIN.

IN YOUR LAST BOOK YOU ARE GOOD ARGUED THAT HOUSING SEGREGATION IS DEEPLY IMPORTANT AND YOU ARGUED THAT IT IS NOT ACCIDENTAL.

IT IS REALLY A MATTER OF LAW AND CUSTOM IN THE UNITED STATES FOR A VERY LONG TIME.

AS BRIEFLY AS YOU CAN, WOULD YOU DESCRIBE WHY IT IS SO IMPORTANT, AND WHY YOU SAY IT IS NOT ACCIDENTAL?

>> THE COLOR OF LAW, MY PREVIOUS BOOK, DEMOLISH THE MYTH OF DE FACTO SEGREGATION, SOMETHING WE ALL THOUGHT EXISTED.

THE FACT THAT YOU SAID THAT THE FACT THAT EVERY METROPOLITAN AREA IS RACIALLY SEGREGATED HAPPENS EITHER BY ACCIDENT OR BECAUSE OF PRIVATE DISCRIMINATION OR THE BIGOTRY OF SINGLE-FAMILY HOMEOWNERS -- IT TURNS OUT THAT THE REASON WE'RE SEGREGATED --WE HAVE AN APARTHEID SOCIETY.

WE WERE SEGREGATED BY RACIALLY EXPLICIT FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLICY.

IN THE MID-20TH CENTURY, SOMEWHAT BEFORE AND SOMEWHAT AFTER, THAT WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

WHEN THE FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION AND VETERANS ADMINISTRATION DECIDED TO ORGANIZE THE ENTIRE WHITE WORKING AND MIDDLE-CLASS POPULATION INTO SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE AND ALL FLIGHT SUBURBS, WHITE FAMILIES WHO WERE SUBSIDIZED TO DO THIS --THESE WERE NOT RICH PEOPLE.

THESE WERE RETURNING WAR VETERANS --WHITE FAMILIES GAINED WEALTH BECAUSE THOSE HOMES APPRECIATED IN VALUE OVER THE NEXT COUPLE OF GENERATIONS.

THEY USE THAT WEALTH TO SEND THEIR CHILDREN TO COLLEGE.

THEY USED IT TO TAKE CARE OF TEMPORARY EMERGENCIES.

THEY USED IT TO SUBSIDIZE THEIR EMPLOYMENTS AND THEY USED IT TO BEQUEATH WEALTH TO THEIR CHILDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN.

WHO THEN HAD DOWNPAYMENTS FOR THEIR OWN HOMES.

THE RESULT OF THE FACT THAT AFRICAN-AMERICANS WERE PROHIBITED BY WRITTEN FEDERAL POLICY, FROM PARTICIPATING IN THE SUBSIDY PROGRAM, ALTHOUGH AFRICAN-AMERICAN INCOMES ARE ABOUT 60% OF WHITE INCOMES, AFRICAN-AMERICAN WEALTH IS ONLY ABOUT 5% OF WHITE WEALTH.

THIS WEALTH GAP UNDERLIES THE MOST SERIOUS SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN THIS COUNTRY TODAY.

IT UNDERLIES THE CONCENTRATION OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN LOWER INCOME COMMUNITIES WHERE SCHOOLS ARE LESS WELL RESOURCED.

IT UNDERLIES THE FACT THAT THEY HAVE POOR HEALTH BECAUSE OF LIVING IN MORE POLLUTED AND MORE DANGEROUS COMMUNITIES AND EVEN THE POLICE VIOLENCE WE HAVE BEEN PAYING ATTENTION TO IN THE LAST THREE YEARS BECAUSE OF YOU CONCENTRATE DISADVANTAGED IN NEIGHBORHOODS IT'S INEVITABLE THAT THEY'RE GOING TO BE CONFRONTATIONS.

SO, THESE UNCONSTITUTIONAL POLICIES UNDERLIE OUR APARTHEID SYSTEMS AND REQUIRE US TO REMEDY THEM.

>> HOW DOES JUST ACTION CONTINUE THAT CONVERSATION?

>> A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO READ COLOR OF LAW, MYSELF INCLUDED AND I'VE SEEN MY DAD LECTURE ABOUT IT, YOU KNOW, WE ARE MOVED AND OVERWHELMED BY THE COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY LAID OUT IN HOW INTENTIONAL IT WAS IN THE CREATION OF OUR SEGREGATED COMMUNITIES, AND I ASKED THEM AFTER ONE OF THE LECTURES, YOU KNOW, NOW THAT WE HAVE REAWAKENED TO THIS HISTORY, WHAT DO WE DO ABOUT IT NOW?

HOW CAN WE BEGIN TO UNDO IT AND CHALLENGE THESE DECADES OF POLICIES, THE ENTRENCHED LIVING PATTERNS WE ARE SO USED TO NOW.

AND SO, HE CHALLENGED ME TO HELP THEM ANSWER THAT QUESTION BY WRITING THIS BOOK AND IN THIS BOOK, WE HELP ANSWER THAT QUESTION FOR PEOPLE ALL OVER THE COUNTRY LOOKING FOR WAYS TO TAKE ACTION AND BEGIN TO REDRESS SEGREGATION.

WE REALLY FOCAL ON LOCAL EFFORT, WHAT CAN BE DONE IN OUR COMMUNITIES.

WE UNDERSTAND FEDERAL POLICY CHANGE WILL NEED TO BE DONE EVENTUALLY BUT WE DON'T HAVE THE FEDERAL WILL TO MAKE THESE CHANGES NATIONWIDE BUT WE CAN BUILD THAT WELL IN OUR COMMUNITIES AND THERE IS ACTUALLY A LOT THAT IS UNDER LOCAL CONTROL THAT CAN GO A LONG WAY TOWARD UNDOING SEGREGATION, CHALLENGING AND REMEDYING THE HARMS THAT OF COME FROM IT.

>> HOW IS SEGREGATION SO BIG?

PEOPLE LIVE IN THEIR HOUSES FOR 30 YEARS, 50 YEARS --IT JUST SEEMS SO BIG.

LET ME START BY ASKING YOU THIS.

WHEN YOU THOUGHT ABOUT THIS -- HOW DO YOU TACKLE THIS, DID YOU FIND IT DAUNTING YOURSELF?

>> I DID AT THE BEGINNING.

I HAVE BEEN A COMMUNITY ORGANIZER AND ACTIVIST I HAVE WORKED IN HOUSING POLICY SO I HAVE WORKED ON THESE ISSUES A LOT AND I DID NOT KNOW HOW TO FIX THIS PROBLEM WHEN I STARTED THE PROJECT WITH MY DAD.

I WAS OVERWHELMED BY JUST THE ENORMITY OF THE ISSUE.

PEOPLE LIVE IN THE SAME PLACE FOR A LONG TIME.

THE HISTORY MY DAD LAID OUT SHOWS US HOW THE WEALTH GAP BETWEEN BLACKS AND WHITES CREATED THROUGH HOUSING POLICY, SO THERE IS JUST SO MUCH TO UNDO.

IT DID FEEL OVERWHELMING AND RATHER DAUNTING BUT WE OUTLINE DOZENS OF POLICIES AND STRATEGIES THAT A LOCAL ACTIVIST GROUP COULD TAKE ON TO BEGIN TO REDRESS SEGREGATION IN OUR COMMUNITIES AND FOR EVERY ONE OF THOSE POLICIES, WE GIVE AN EXAMPLE FROM A LOCAL COMMUNITY GROUP IN A COUNTRY THAT IS WORKING ON THIS ISSUE OR THAT HAS SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENTED THIS POLICY CHANGE.

I ENDED THIS PROJECT AND WRITING THIS BOOK FEELING VERY HOPEFUL THAT THERE IS A LOT THAT CAN BE DONE.

IT IS NOT ONE POLICY OR ONE CHANGE THAT IS GOING TO FIX ALL OF THIS, BUT IT IS A LOT OF SMALL PIECES THAT WILL BEGIN TO UNDO DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF SEGREGATION AND SEGREGATION'S EFFECT.

ALL OF THESE SMALL PIECES TOGETHER HAVE A HUGE IMPACT.

>> MR. ROTHSTEIN, I'M GOING TO ASK YOU THE SAME QUESTION.

AS YOU WERE RESEARCHING THIS BOOK, DID YOU FEEL A SENSE OF HOPE THIS COULD BE REDRESSED?

>> VERY HOPEFUL, BECAUSE AS LONG AS WE THOUGHT IT HAPPENED BY ACCIDENT IT WAS EASY TO HAPPENED BY ACCIDENT.

ONCE WE UNDERSTOOD IT WAS CREATED BY EXPLICIT PUBLIC POLICY, EXPLICIT PUBLIC POLICIES CAN FIX IT AND AS LEAH SAID, THERE ARE SO MANY LOCAL POLICIES THAT SUSTAIN, REINFORCE AND PERPETUATE SEGREGATION.

IT WAS CREATED NATIONALLY BUT THE SUSTENANCE IS LOCAL.

EVERY METROPOLITAN AREA IN THIS COUNTRY, AFRICAN-AMERICAN HOMEOWNERS PAY PROPERTY TAX AT A HIGHER RATE THAN WHITE HOMEOWNERS DO SO AFRICAN- AMERICANS HAVE BEEN PAYING TAXES AT AN ASSESSED VALUE CLOSE TO THE MARKET VALUE AND WHITE HOMEOWNERS ARE PAYING TAXES FAR BELOW THE ASSESSED MARKET VALUE.

THIS IS A PURELY LOCAL ISSUE, BUT EVERY ONE OF THE BLACK HOMEOWNERS IN THOSE COMMUNITIES IS OWED REFUNDS FOR THEIR EXCESSIVE TAXATION.

AND ACTIVIST A GROUP COULD SUCCESSFUL BUT THEY COULD MAKE PROGRESS IN THEIR ART DOZENS OF POLICIES ACCESSIBLE AT A LOCAL LEVEL BY LOCAL GROUPS IF THEY SIMPLY MOBILIZE TO TAKE ACTION TO ACHIEVE THEM AND THE REASON WE WROTE THIS BOOK IS BECAUSE 20 MILLION AMERICANS PARTICIPATE IN A BLACK LIVES MATTER DEMONSTRATION IN THE AFTERMATH OF GEORGE FLOYD'S MURDER AND MOST OF THEM WENT HOME AND PUT SIGNS ON THEIR LAWNS SAYING BLACK LIVES MATTER AND THAT WAS THE END OF IT, BUT THIS IS A BASE OF SUPPORT FOR A PRETTY LARGE AND SIGNIFICANT CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.

TWO PEOPLE WHO DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO DO NEXT, WE SAY ANYTHING YOU DO, ANYONE OF THESE POLICIES IS A BEGINNING.

START SOMEWHERE.

>> YOU WRITE IN THE BOOK A LOT ABOUT POLICY AND PRACTICES THAT ARE, ON THEIR FACE, RACE NEUTRAL, BUT ACTUALLY YIELD DISPARATE CAN YOU TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THAT?

I'M THINKING MAYBE ABOUT CREDIT SCORING, FOR EXAMPLE.

>> WHEN WE HAVE AN UNEQUAL SOCIETY AND YOU APPLY A RACE NEUTRAL POLICY ACROSS THE BOARD TO EVERYBODY, IT IS GOING TO HAVE UNEQUAL EFFECTS, SO THE EXAMPLE YOU BROUGHT UP, CREDIT SCORING IS A RACE NEUTRAL POLICY.

IT'S NOT DISCRIMINATORY AND INTENT TEND IT IS IN EFFECT.

IT IS IN EFFECT BECAUSE THE CREDIT SCORE SYSTEM IS SUPPOSED TO BE AN OBJECTIVE RATING OF YOUR FUTURE LIKELIHOOD OF REPAYING A DEBT AND IT BASES THAT RATING ON YOUR FINANCIAL HISTORY, BUT IT ONLY USES A CERTAIN TYPE OF FINANCIAL HISTORY TO MAKE THAT RATING AND IT IS A TYPE OF FINANCIAL HISTORY THAT WHITES ARE FAR MORE LIKELY TO HAVE THAN AFRICAN-AMERICANS, SO IF YOU ARE APPLYING FOR A MORTGAGE AND LOOKING AT YOUR CREDIT SCORE AND YOU HAVE HAD A MORTGAGE IN THE PAST, THAT WILL FACTOR INTO YOUR CREDIT SCORE.

BUT, IF YOU HAVE NEVER OWNED A HOME IN THE PAST AND YOU HAVE BEEN A RENTER YOUR WHOLE LIFE WHICH AFRICAN-AMERICANS APPLYING FOR A MORTGAGE ARE MORE LIKELY TO NEVER HAVE OWNED A HOME BEFORE AND EVEN IF YOU HAVE NEVER MISSED A RENT PAYMENT IN YOUR LIFE, THAT FINANCIAL HISTORY IS NOT FACTORED INTO YOUR CREDIT SCORE SO AS A RESULT, AFRICAN- AMERICANS ARE DISADVANTAGED IN THE CREDIT SCORING SYSTEM MAKES IT HARDER FOR THEM TO BUY THEIR FIRST HOME AND HARD TO GET A HIGH ENOUGH CREDIT SCORE TO GET A GOOD INTEREST RATE ON THAT MORTGAGE, SO THE RESULT WE SEE NOW IS ABOUT A THIRD OF AFRICAN- AMERICANS HAVE NO CREDIT SCORE AT ALL COMPARED TO 17% OF WHITES AND OF THOSE WITH CREDIT SCORES, 20% OF AFRICAN- AMERICANS HAVE A CREDIT SCORE HIGH ENOUGH FOR A MORTGAGE COMPARED TO HALF OF WHITES.

>> WHAT WOULD YOU SAY TO PEOPLE WHO WOULD ARGUE, THAT IS JUST COMMON SENSE?

LENDERS SHOULD HAVE SOME WAY OF KNOWING WHETHER YOU ARE A GOOD BET TO LEND MONEY OR NOT.

>> WE ARE NOT ADVOCATING GETTING RID OF CREDIT SCORES.

WE NEED A CREDIT SCORE SO A LENDER KNOWS WHO TO LEND MONEY TO, BUT THOSE CREDIT SCORES CAN TAKE INTO ACCOUNT RENTAL PAYMENT HISTORY JUST AS EASILY AS THEY CAN MORTGAGE PAYMENT HISTORY AND THAT WOULD GO A LONG WAY TO EQUALIZING THE SYSTEM AND NOT HAVING A DISPARATE IMPACT ON AFRICAN-AMERICANS AND LOCAL BANK BRANCHES AND CREDIT UNIONS COULD START TO DO THAT INDIVIDUALLY, EVEN IF THE NATIONAL CREDIT SCORING SYSTEM IS NOT ADJUSTED YET.

THEY COULD START FACTORING IN RENTAL PAYMENT HISTORY IN ORDER TO DETERMINE SOMEONE'S CREDIT WORTHINESS, AND THAT WOULD GO A LONG WAY TO OPENING UP ACCESS TO CREDIT.

>> WHAT ARE SOME OF THE THINGS YOU CAME OVER THE COURSE OF RESEARCHING THIS BOOK THAT STOOD OUT TO YOU?

>> WE DESCRIBE SO MANY SOLUTIONS THAT IT IS REALLY JUST A QUESTION OF WHERE YOU START.

IN THE BOOK, JUST ACTION, WE HAVE TWO PHOTOGRAPHS OF COMMUNITY GROUPS, ONE IN CALIFORNIA, ONE IN NEW YORK, THAT WERE PICKETING BANKS.

IT TURNS OUT THAT THOSE BANKS WERE MAKING MORTGAGES TO APARTMENT DEVELOPERS, MULTIUNIT APARTMENTS, AND THE MORTGAGES PENCILED OUT ONLY IF THOSE INCOME STREAM THAN RESIDENT RENTS COULD AFFORD.

IN OTHER WORDS, BANKS WERE BEING GUARANTEED THAT THEY WOULD GENTRIFY THOSE BUILDINGS BY EVICTING CURRENT TENANTS AND CHARGING HIGHER RENT.

COMMUNITY PRESSURE CAN MAKE SURE AS THOSE TWO DEMONSTRATIONS THAT WE PHOTOGRAPHED IN THIS BOOK --CAN MAKE SURE THEY DON'T ISSUE MORTGAGES TO BORROWERS WHOSE FINANCES WOULD ONLY QUALIFY THEM FOR A MORTGAGE IF THEY EVICTED PRESENT TENANTS AND TAKEN HIGHER-PAYING ONES.

>> I TAKE LEAH'S POINT THAT A LOT OF THESE ARE LOCAL INITIATIVES, BUT I AM CURIOUS ABOUT YOUR SENSE OF WHETHER THERE REALLY IS AN APPETITE FOR THESE KINDS OF INITIATIVES.

GIVEN HOW IT SEEMS TO PUSH THESE DEEP, EMOTIONAL BUTTONS PEOPLE HAVE ABOUT WHERE THEY LIVE, THEY LIVE, -- >> THERE IS AN ENORMOUS APPETITE FOR THIS.

IF THEY FORM COMMITTEES TO BEGIN TO ADDRESS THESE ISSUES, AND WE HAVE MANY EXAMPLES IN JUST ACTION, OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE STARTED TO DO THIS, WE CAN IDENTIFY THE BANKS, THE REALTORS, THE DEVELOPERS WHO CREATED SEGREGATION UNDER THE AGES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN PARTICULAR COMMUNITIES, AND THOSE BANKS, THOSE REALTORS, THOSE DEVELOPERS SHOULD BE THE SUBJECT OF ACTIONS AND CAMPAIGNS TO GET THEM TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE REDRESS OF SEGREGATION THEY HAVE CREATED.

I DON'T FEAR THAT THERE IS NO APPETITE FOR THIS.

MY PREVIOUS BOOK, AS YOU MENTIONED, THE COLOR OF LAW, I DON'T MEAN TO BOAST, BUT IT SOLD 1 MILLION COPIES.

LEAH, A FEW WEEKS AGO, WROTE A COLUMN ABOUT A VERY ELITE SUBURBAN COMMUNITY THAT ORGANIZED BECAUSE THEY WANTED DIVERSITY.

THEY WANTED TO INCLUDE OTHER PEOPLE IN THEIR COMMUNITY.

THEY ORGANIZED AND THEY DEFEATED A REFERENDUM IN THAT COMMUNITY THAT WOULD HAVE PROHIBITED MODIFYING SINGLE- FAMILY ZONING.

IF PEOPLE ORGANIZE, THEY CAN WIN SUCCESSES.

THEY WON'T WIN SUCCESSES ALL THE TIME BUT SMALL VICTORIES WILL LEAD TO LARGER ONES AND I AM CONFIDENT THAT IF PEOPLE TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SOME OF THESE IDEAS WE HAVE THROWN OUT, WE WILL BEGIN TO SEE A CASCADING MOVEMENT TO REDRESS SEGREGATION.

>> WHY SHOULD PEOPLE WHO HAVE BENEFITED FROM THESE SYSTEMS WANT TO CHANGE THEM?

>> THERE ARE A COUPLE OF REASONS.

THIS SCRIPT THAT I WROTE ABOUT, THEY STARTED BY LEARNING ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THEIR OWN COMMUNITY AND HOW IT CAME TO BE SEGREGATED, SO THEY DEVELOPED A WORKSHOP THAT THEY DID AROUND THE REGION BASED ON THE COLOR OF LAW AND APPLYING IT SPECIFICALLY TO THEIR CITY, AND IDENTIFY THE POLICIES THAT CREATED SEGREGATION IN THAT REGION.

I THINK PART OF DOING THAT, THAT KIND OF EDUCATION HAS OPENED UP PEOPLE'S EYES TO WHAT THEY THOUGHT WAS JUST NORMAL, WHAT THEY THOUGHT THEY WERE ENTITLED TO IN THAT COMMUNITY WAS INTENTIONALLY CREATED BY PROHIBITING AFRICAN-AMERICANS AND OTHERS FROM LIVING THERE, AND ONCE THEY RECONCILED WITH THAT HISTORY, THEY REALIZE THAT IS NOT THE KIND OF COMMUNITY THEY WANTED TO LIVE IN, THAT THEY ACTUALLY VALUED INCLUSION AND VALUE DIVERSITY SO THEY WANTED TO WORK TOWARD THAT.

SO, THAT IS THE BASIS OF THAT GROUP.

THEN, WHEN THEY STARTED WORKING ON DEFEATING THE BALLOT MEASURE, THEY REALIZED THE EXCLUSIVITY OF THIS COMMUNITY HURT THEM, HURT THE PEOPLE WHO LIVE THERE, AS WELL.

THEIR CHILDREN COULD NOT AFFORD TO MOVE BACK HOME.

THE BALLOT MEASURE WAS IN RESPONSE TO SOME AFFORDABLE HOUSING TO TEACHERS THAT WAS PROPOSED IN THE TOWN BECAUSE 30% OF TEACHERS IN THIS TOWN LEFT THEIR POSITIONS EVERY YEAR BECAUSE THEY COULD NOT AFFORD TO LIVE ANYWHERE NEAR THE SCHOOLS THAT THEY TAUGHT IN.

THEIR FAVORITE CAFES WERE EMPLOYEES CANNOT FIND ANYWHERE NEAR THERE TO LIVE ON A MINIMUM WAGE SALARY, SO THEY SAW HOW THE EXCLUSIVITY OF THEIR COMMUNITY KEEPING THE HOME PRICES HIGH BY MAINTAINING SINGLE-FAMILY ONLY ZONING WAS HURTING THEM, AS WELL, AND SO THE VALUES THEY DEVELOPED AND IDENTIFIED THROUGH LEARNING ABOUT THEIR HISTORY, ALONG WITH THE IMPACT THAT THE AFFORDABLE HOUSING CRISIS AND EXCLUSIVITY OF THEIR COMMUNITY WAS HAVING ON THEM PERSONALLY, HELP THEM DEVELOP A STRONG COMMUNITY GROUP THAT DEFEATED THE BALLOT MEASURE AND THEY ARE GOING ON TO WORK ON HOUSING POLICY IN THE FUTURE.

>> RICHARD, BEFORE WE LET YOU GO, THIS WORK REALLY DOES FOCUS ON THE EXPERIENCE --THE HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES, AND HOW THAT EXPERIENCE TRANSLATES TO TODAY'S CURRENT CIRCUMSTANCES.

WHY IS THAT FOCUS ON AFRICAN-AMERICANS, AND WHY SHOULD PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS, PARTICULARLY LATINO AMERICANS, LATIN AMERICANS, ASIAN AMERICANS, WHO PERHAPS ARRIVED LATER IN THIS COUNTRY, CARE ABOUT THIS?

>> THE REASON THEY SHOULD CARE ABOUT THIS IS BECAUSE WE ARE ALL AMERICANS AND OUR CONSTITUTION WAS VIOLATED BY THE SEGREGATION OF AFRICAN- AMERICANS.

THE POLICIES WE DESCRIBE WERE FOCUSED ON AFRICAN-AMERICANS.

IT WAS NOT A LARGE HISPANIC MIGRATION AT THE TIME THESE POLICIES WERE ENACTED.

WE HAVE ENORMOUS ECONOMIC INEQUALITY IN THIS COUNTRY TODAY.

THERE ARE MANY POLICIES WE NEED TO FOLLOW THAT WOULD BENEFIT LOW INCOME AND MODERATE INCOME RECENT IMMIGRANTS.

THAT IS A RECENT ISSUE FROM OUR OBLIGATION TO REMEDY THE UNCONSTITUTIONAL SEGREGATION OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS, THE DISCRIMINATION OF THE EXPLOSION BLACK FAMILIES HAVE FACED IN THIS COUNTRY IS FAR MORE EXTREME, MORE VIOLENT, MORE OPPRESSIVE THAN WHAT WAS EXPERIENCED BY OTHER GROUPS, EVEN THOUGH THOSE OTHER GROUPS DID EXPERIENCE DISCRIMINATION, AS WELL, BUT THEY'RE NOT COMPARABLE IN DIFFERENT PROBLEMS REQUIRE DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS.

WHAT WE SAY IN OUR WRITING IS THAT RACE SPECIFIC CRIMES REQUIRE RACE SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS AND THAT IS THE REASON WE ARE FOCUSED IN THIS BOOK, ON AFRICAN-AMERICANS.

IT DOES NOT MEAN THERE ARE NOT OTHER PROBLEMS THAT NEED TO BE ADDRESSED.

>> THANK YOU BOTH SO MUCH FOR TALKING WITH US TODAY.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING US.

>> THANK YOU.

>>> AND FINALLY, WE STARTED THE SHOW WITH SMOKE BLANKETING THE U.S. EAST COAST.

NOW WE ARE ENDING WITH VOLCANIC GAS IN HAWAII.

AFTER A THREE MONTH SNOOZE, HAWAII'S KILAUEA VOLCANO HAS WOKEN UP, SPRAYING FOUNTAINS OF LAVA FROM ITS SUMMIT CRATER AGAIN.

THE ERUPTION IS EXPECTED TO DRAW THOUSANDS OF VISITORS TO SEE THE LAVA.

SERVICE HAS LISTED SPECIFIC LOCATIONS WHERE PEOPLE CAN WATCH FROM AS CLOSE IS HALF A MILE AWAY.

>> IT IS AMAZING.

THE BRIGHT ORANGE AND THE WAY THE SMOKE IS BELLOWING OFF IS MORE AMAZING THAN ACTUALLY PICTURED IN MY MIND.

>> BACK IN 2018, AND ERUPTION TRIGGERED A LAVA FLOW THAT DESTROYED HUNDREDS OF HOMES.

THIS TIME, DESPITE A RED ALERT WARNING, AUTHORITIES SAY NO PEOPLE OR BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK.

AND THAT IS IT FOR OUR PROGRAM TONIGHT.

IF YOU WANT TO FIND OUT WHAT IS COMING UP ON THE SHOW EVERY NIGHT, SIGN-UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTER AT PBS.ORG/TRAN01.

THANKS FOR WATCHING, AND JOIN US AGAIN TOMORROW.

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